ʻO ka moʻolelo hoʻomohala o ka pūʻulu pākaukau lithium

Ua hoʻololi hou ʻia nā ʻeke pākahi Lithium i ke ʻano o kā mākou mana uila.Mai nā smartphones a hiki i nā kaʻa uila, ua lilo kēia mau lako mana māmā a maikaʻi i mea nui o ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā.Eia naʻe, ke kūkulu ʻana onā pūʻulu pākahi lithiumʻaʻole i holo mālie.Ua hele i loko o kekahi mau loli nui a me nā holomua i nā makahiki.Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ka mōʻaukala o nā ʻeke pākahi lithium a pehea lākou i ulu ai e hoʻokō i kā mākou pono e ulu nei.

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka pākaukau lithium-ion mua e Stanley Whittingham i ka hopena o 1970s, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pā lithium.Hoʻohana ka pākaukau o Whittingham i ka titanium disulfide e like me ka cathode a me ka metala lithium e like me ka anode.ʻOiai he kiʻekiʻe ka ikehu o kēia ʻano pākaukau, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai aku ma muli o nā hopohopo palekana.ʻO ka metala Lithium ka mea hoʻoikaika nui a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka wela, e hoʻoulu ai i ke ahi a pahū paha.

I ka ho'āʻo ʻana e lanakila i nā pilikia palekana e pili ana i nā pākahi metala lithium, ua hana ʻo John B. Goodenough a me kāna hui ma ke Kulanui o'Oxford i nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ka honua i nā makahiki 1980.Ua ʻike lākou ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cathode metal oxide ma kahi o ka metala lithium, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pilikia o ka holo ʻana i ka wela.Na Goodenough's lithium cobalt oxide cathodes i hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana a hoʻokaʻawale i ke ala no nā pākahi lithium-ion ʻoi aʻe a mākou e hoʻohana nei i kēia mau lā.

ʻO ka holomua nui e hiki mai ana i loko o nā ʻeke pākahi lithium i hiki mai i ka makahiki 1990 i ka wā i hoʻomohala ai ʻo Yoshio Nishi a me kāna hui ma Sony i ka pākaukau lithium-ion kūʻai mua.Ua hoʻololi lākou i ka anode metala lithium reactive me kahi anode graphite paʻa, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ana i ka palekana pākaukau.Ma muli o ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka lōʻihi o ke ola pōʻaiapuni, ua lilo koke kēia mau pila i kumu mana maʻamau no nā mea uila uila e like me nā kamepiula a me nā kelepona paʻalima.

I ka makahiki 2000, ua loaʻa i nā ʻeke pākahi lithium nā noi hou i ka ʻoihana kaʻa.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Tesla, i hoʻokumu ʻia e Martin Eberhard lāua ʻo Mark Tarpenning, i ke kaʻa uila kūleʻa mua loa i hoʻohana ʻia e nā pā lithium-ion.He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻeke pākahi lithium, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā uila uila.Hāʻawi nā kaʻa uila i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e nā pā uila lithium i kahi ʻokoʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau i nā kaʻa maʻamau.

Ke ulu nei ka noi no nā ʻeke pākahi lithium, ua kālele ʻia nā hana noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou ikehu a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou hana holoʻokoʻa.ʻO kekahi o ia holomua ʻana ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā anodes pili silika.He kiʻekiʻe ka mana theoretical Silicon e mālama i nā ion lithium, hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pā.Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei nā anodes silicon i nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻololi nui ʻana o ka leo i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hoʻoiho, ka hopena i ke ola pōkole pōkole.Ke hana ikaika nei nā mea noiʻi e lanakila i kēia mau paʻakikī e wehe i ka mana piha o nā anodes pili silika.

ʻO kekahi ʻāpana o ka noiʻi ʻana ʻo nā pūʻulu pākahi lithium solid-state.Ke hoʻohana nei kēia mau pila i nā electrolytes paʻa ma mua o nā electrolytes wai i loaʻa i loko o nā pākahi lithium-ion kuʻuna.Hāʻawi nā ʻenekini paʻa i nā pono he nui, e like me ka palekana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, a me ke ola pōʻaiapuni lōʻihi.Eia nō naʻe, aia nō kā lākou ʻoihana kūʻai i ka wā mua a pono hou ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana e lanakila ai i nā pilikia ʻenehana a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana. 

Ke nānā nei i mua, ʻike ʻia ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā puʻupuʻu pākahi lithium.Ke piʻi mau nei ka noi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa uila a me ke koi no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ikehu hou.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hana noiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pākaukau me ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka hiki ke hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki, a me ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi.E hana koʻikoʻi nā puʻupuʻu pākahiko Lithium i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ikehu maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua ʻike ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o nā pā uila lithium i ka hana hou o ke kanaka a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lako mana palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.Mai nā lā mua o nā pākaukau metala lithium a hiki i nā pākaukau lithium-ion kiʻekiʻe a mākou e hoʻohana nei i kēia lā, ua ʻike mākou i nā holomua nui i ka ʻenehana mālama ikehu.Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ka pana ʻana i nā palena o ka mea hiki, e hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pā uila lithium a hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.

Inā makemake ʻoe i nā puʻupuʻu pākahi lithium, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona iā Radiance ikiʻi i kahi ʻōlelo.